虚拟人的运动建模与仿真

依据人体的关节连接体层次结构,将各肢体抽象为简单的刚性几何实体,并运用VRML构建了人体骨骼模型的样本.各肢体的骨骼模型可在此样本模型的基础上经变换而获取;为了描述人体骨骼模型中各关节之间的相对位置和姿态的变化, 本文定义了3类坐标系,并详细论述了求解各关节点运动参数方法;最后利用VRML构建了一个虚拟人体骨骼运动的实例.     

城市人行天桥美学造型简析

主要阐述城市人行天桥的造型与景观的关系,城市人行天桥造型中的城市美学以及对人行天桥美学设计的认识,提出从造型与景观角度塑造城市人行天桥的观点.对城市建设有一定的应用价值.     

基于快速终端滑模自抗扰的船舶曲线航迹跟踪控制

针对欠驱动船舶的曲线航迹跟踪问题,首先采用自抗扰控制技术,通过扩张状态观测器实时估计和补偿系统的内部和外界扰动,将非线性快速终端滑模引入误差反馈控制环节,并采用幂指数趋近律,设计出快速终端滑模-自抗扰控制律,提高系统的收敛速度和误差跟踪精度,减小系统的抖振;然后对野本船舶模型简化变形,构造降维方程,将航迹跟踪问题转化为航向镇定问题.Simulink仿真结果表明,控制器能够实现船舶对期望曲线航迹的快速、精确跟踪,具有良好控制效果.     

Dual objective active suspension system based on a novel nonlinear disturbance compensator

This paper proposes an active suspension system to fulfil the dual objective of improving ride comfort while trying to keep the suspension deflection within the limits of the rattle space. The scheme is based on a novel nonlinear disturbance compensator which employs a nonlinear function of the suspension deflection. The scheme is analysed and validated by simulation and experimentation on a laboratory setup. The performance is compared with a passive suspension system for a variety of road profiles.     

山区公路滑坡与环境关系的探讨

随着西部大开发的蓬勃开展,人们普遍认识到基础设施的重要性,这其中公路建设摆在了首要位置,但是山区公路滑坡灾害却严重影响了公路的建设速度。以元磨高速公路为依托,研究了山区公路滑坡与地层岩性、地质构造、地形地貌、水文地质、大气降雨、地震、植被以及人类活动等之间的关系。最终得到一个结论：研究公路滑坡,首先要从研究影响滑坡的基本要素入手,这样才能标本兼治。     

滨水景观规划建设构想

针对当前现有河道景观受到人为破坏,造成人类和动植物的生存条件及客观环境每况愈下这一问题,从生态学理论角度出发,本着人与自然协调共生的理念,提出了对滨水景观环境进行生态设计的新思路,并通过对金山市设计河网的水景观建设规划,使这一理论得以完善,对新形势下走人水可持续发展道路的研究有一定的意义。     

西安市二环路二期建设中若干问题的思考

本文针对西安市二环路的二期建设 ,在车道宽度、桥下空间利用、人行过街等技术问题上提出了改进建议。     

我国地铁接触轨技术发展综述与研发建议

介绍了接触轨系统的构成、技术特征和我国应用接触轨技术的概况。在直流1500V接触轨系统的“四大环节”研究中,建议重点对系统设计标准及产品制造标准进行研究;在系统设计标准的“四大关系”研究中,建议重点对1500V接触轨与人身安全防护的关系进行研究。在钢铝复合接触轨的国产化工作中,应重点解决好不锈钢带与铝型材的结合问题,以及不锈钢带的材质和外型表面平顺问题。     

行人交通人体设计尺寸研究

针对人体占用空间度量指标存在的问题,提出将“最大体宽”与“最大体厚”作为行人交通中个体空间占用的设计尺寸．采用小样本整群抽样调查方法观测了受试者“最大肩宽”、“最大体宽”、“胸厚”及“最大体厚”等人体尺寸,并比较分析受试者携带7种典型行李模式、穿春秋季与冬季服装时人体空间占用的修正量．研究表明,由最大体宽、最大体厚得到的人体占用空间较传统度量指标超出42．6％;携带行李与季节着装对人体占用空间有显著影响,冬季携大行李时人体占用空间是夏季无行李时的6倍．     

Correlation of expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 with ultrasonographic features in invasive ductal cancer of breast

Objective To analyze the relationship of the expression level of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2, c-erbB-2) of breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) with ultrasonographic characteristics. Methods Totally 104 patients with IDCs confirmed pathologically were involved in this study. ER, PR and c-erbB-2 expression in the IDC specimens was determined by immunohistochemical staining technique. The correlation between the ultrasonographic features and the positive expression of ER, PR or c-erbB-2 was analyzed. Results The positive expression rate of ER and PR in the group with tumor spiculation sign and posterior acoustic attenuation was higher than that in the group without. The positive expression rate of ER differed significantly (P<0.05) while that of PR did not (P>0.05). The over-expression rate of c-erbB-2 in the group of microcalcification, sufficient blood flow and axillary lymph node metastasis was higher than that in the group of non-microcalcification, deficient blood flow or without axillary lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expression of ER, PR and c-erbB-2 was not related to the size of tumor (P>0.05). Conclusion The expression of ER and c-erbB-2 is closely related to the ultrasonographic characteristics of IDC, which may, to some extent, reflect the expression level of ER and c-erbB-2.